Which hormone is commonly associated with the stress response in the body?

Cortisol is widely recognized as a key hormone in the body's stress response. When an individual experiences stress, whether physical or emotional, the hypothalamus signals the adrenal glands to release cortisol. This hormone plays a crucial role in mobilizing energy by increasing glucose availability in the bloodstream, enhancing the body's ability to respond to stressors effectively.

Cortisol also helps to regulate various bodily functions during stress, such as immune response and metabolism. This response is part of the "fight or flight" mechanism, aimed at preparing the body to either confront or flee from perceived threats. The release of cortisol is instrumental in sustaining energy levels during stressful situations.

In contrast, insulin, estrogen, and testosterone have different primary functions that are less directly related to the immediate stress response. Insulin is primarily involved in regulating blood glucose levels, estrogen is key in reproductive functions and menstrual cycles, and testosterone is associated with growth, development, and muscle strength. Thus, while these hormones have important roles in the body, they do not specifically pertain to the stress response in the same way that cortisol does.