Which compound in licorice root is contraindicated in individuals with high blood pressure?

Glycyrrhizin is the compound found in licorice root that is contraindicated for individuals with high blood pressure. This is because glycyrrhizin has the potential to elevate blood pressure by causing the body to retain sodium and water while excreting potassium. When sodium is retained, it leads to an increase in blood volume, which can elevate blood pressure. Additionally, glycyrrhizin inhibits the enzyme 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, which normally converts active cortisol into its inactive form. This inhibition can lead to an increase in cortisol levels, further contributing to increased blood pressure through mechanisms related to sodium retention and vascular constriction.

The other compounds listed, such as estrogen, progesterone, and cortisol, do not have the same direct effect on blood pressure when associated specifically with licorice root or when considering the context of high blood pressure management. While hormonal changes can affect blood pressure indirectly, glycyrrhizin's effects are more acute and directly linked to blood pressure increases, making it the specific concern in this scenario.