What is the primary function of cortisol in the body?

Cortisol is primarily recognized as the primary stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress and low blood glucose levels. Its primary function is catabolic, which means it helps break down molecules in the body to provide energy and manage 'fight or flight' responses during stressful situations. By doing this, cortisol mobilizes fatty acids and glucose, making them available for use as energy, which is crucial during times of acute stress.

Cortisol also plays a central role in various metabolic processes, including carbohydrate metabolism and the suppression of inflammation. While cortisol has anabolic-like effects in certain contexts, especially regarding muscle repair post-exercise, its primary role under stress conditions is to promote the body's catabolic response to maintain homeostasis and support survival.

The other options present different roles or misconceptions about cortisol. Anabolic growth hormones are more associated with muscle growth and tissue building, while cortisol functions primarily to break down energy stores. The regulation of sleep patterns is more closely linked to other hormones like melatonin rather than cortisol, which typically has a disruptive effect on sleep when elevated. Lastly, the notion of "feigning recovery" from stress misrepresents cortisol's role; it isn't about pretending but rather about the physiological processes that occur to handle stress effectively.