What characterizes the luteal phase of the female reproductive cycle?

The luteal phase is characterized by its timing within the menstrual cycle and the hormonal changes that occur. It begins after ovulation, marking the transition between the ovulatory phase and the menstrual phase. During this phase, the corpus luteum, which forms from the remnants of the follicle that released the egg, secretes progesterone. This hormone plays a crucial role in preparing the uterine lining for a potential pregnancy by thickening it to receive a fertilized egg. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone levels drop, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining and the start of menstruation.

The other options present information that is either misaligned with the luteal phase or refers to different parts of the menstrual cycle. The luteal phase specifically follows ovulation and is known primarily for its predominance of progesterone rather than estrogen. Understanding this distinction is vital in recognizing how hormonal balance and timing influence female reproductive health.